WavPack

WavPack

Hybrid Lossless Audio Compression
Developer(s)	David Bryant
Release information
Initial release	{{{released}}}
Stable release	5.6.0 (2022-11-23)
Preview release	5.6.6
Compatibility
Operating system	Windows, MacOSX, Linux/BSD/Unix, ...
Additional information
Use	Encoder/Decoder
License	BSD license
Website	http://www.wavpack.com/

WavPack (pronounced "wave-pack") is a lossless audio codec, also offering optionally a hybrid lossless/lossy mode. It is distributed as a free open-source encoder/decoder with a library and a large number of tools, including a Windows GUI and a range of plugins for both audio players and other software. Third party implementations are available, including ffmpeg. WavPack supports and/or can be played back on a large number of platforms/OSes including mobile (Android, iOS), portable (Rockbox) and even web apps.

WavPack is arguably the most feature-rich lossless compressor, supporting a unique range of audio signals including Direct-Stream Digital. Everyday use is supported by a wide range of players and taggers, but conversion is likely safest done with applications that invoke the official tools (rather than e.g. ffmpeg's implementation) – and special features might require the user to apply the WavPack executable directly, for example with drag+drop, see the #Using WavPack section below.

Performance-wise, WavPack defaults to a fast codec – less CPU intensive than ALAC, but typically not as fast as FLAC or TAK, especially in decoding CPU usage. In the age of low-power portable Rockbox-equipped players, WavPack could be seen as a reasonable middle ground between FLAC's low CPU footprint and long battery life, and the smaller files but more CPU-intensive Monkey's Audio – invoking WavPacks high mode and extra compression that would compress to smaller sizes than FLAC.

WavPack has inspired other codecs and their features. For more on WavPack, including on its history and technology, see the Wikipedia entry.

Features

For an end-user considering WavPack as an audio format, its feature-richness might be the big selling point. WavPack supports pretty much all the more common features noted at HA Wiki's Lossless Codec Comparison as in the following first list, but several users might consider the more unique features listed under the subsequent headline.

• Seekable and streaming playback.
• Error handling: upon playback, it will detect and report corrupted frames, mute to protect against static/noise output, and continue playback. Since version 5, WavPack can also check for corruption without decoding, hence quicker than any decoding format. Optional MD5 audio checksum can also be added upon encoding for file fingerprinting.
• High-resolution audio support (see next headline).
• Multichannel support: currently capped at 256 channels, supports WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE channel masks.
• Piping support for encoding, and support for RAW PCM input/output.
• Non-audio chunks (RIFF and similar) stored; by default, WavPack will not only decode the audio losslessly, but restore the non-audio chunks to file bit-identical to the original.
• Tagging: APEv2. (ID3v1 is possible, but not advisable.)
• Cuesheet support. In practice, some applications handle embedded cuesheets better in WavPack than in some other formats.
• Unicode support.
• Can be used in the Matroska container.
• Windows GUI available.

WavPack also handles bit depths not divisible by 8, and is known to employ a "wasted bits" strategy for a signal that is n "actual bits of signal" zero-padded and stored as N bits where certain other codecs may get tricked into a size penalty when the n is not a multiple of 8, or for "fake high resolution" (say the signal is 16 bits, but wrapped in a 24-bit file). Wasted bits detection is also found in FLAC, TAK and OptimFROG.

Special/unique features

Most of these features are shared with only a few if any notable codecs, or extend to signal types or file types others do not support (comparisons given).

• DSD support: can losslessly compress Philips DSDIFF and Sony DSF files (see "Using WavPack" below; no other end-user codec compresses DSD.) ID3v2.3 tags can be imported.
• High-resolution support for bit depth 1-bit to 32-bit integer and sampling rates up to 2 GiHz in integer steps. (Officially, 1 GHz is supported – it is gigaherz, not MHz, the upper limit being in the UHF radio frequency band. Monkey's Audio, OptimFROG and MPEG-4 ALS support the entire WAVE range up to 4 GiHz.) Can also compress files of non-integer sampling rates (AIFF/AIFC/CAF, as the WAVE format cannot contain such signals).
• 32-bit floating-point supported – also including CoolEdit/Adobe Audition's own float format (use the -a option only if the .wav was generated by CoolEdit/Audition). (This line like OptimFROG.)
• As much as 256 channels currently supported (from version 5.5.0 on; can be extended to the thousands – for even more, MPEG-4 ALS supports 66536.)
• Hybrid lossy/lossless mode (can also be used as lossy – OptimFROG also has such a mode.)
• For LPCM it can read and output to WAVE (including the RF64 format extension used for large files), to Sony's Wave64, AIFF/AIFC (both endiannesses) and CAF (ditto) – with full restore of also non-audio parts to bit-by-bit the original file in the original format. (Monkey's/OptimFROG/TAK do the same to the input formats they support.) Also WavPack can handle too large noncompliant "WAVE" files (can still be restored to bit-identical the same as the flawed input file – or to formats that provide for larger files).
• Recompression: Can recompress .wv files in place, with tag transfer. (Like FLAC on .flac files.)
• Drag and drop support: Dropping a file on to wavpack.exe/wvunpack.exe will encode/decode it to source directory. (Like FLAC.) From 5.5.0, one can also apply options to drag and drop by renaming the executable, and drop several files.

Limitations

The following bullet item list is hardly of interest except for special purposes; WavPack supports nearly every input format that any competing codec handles. One exception is the legacy AU/SND, apparently supported only by Monkey's Audio.

• DSD: Will reject DST-compressed DSDIFF (which are already compressed heavier than WavPack does) and Wideband Single-bit Data files (apparently, the Tascam and Korg devices which can produce these, can also export to other DSD formats).
  Also, DSD files cannot be encoded as hybrid with correction files.
• Certain rare files – largely unsupported by other codecs – may be played back with technical compromise solutions that are unlikely to concern the average end-user. Should one encounter one of those rare AIFF/CAF files which have a non-integer sampling rate (something WAVE does not support), WavPack will compress them and wvunpack will restore them bit-identically with no loss of information – but playback will be at integer rate. E.g., a file sampled at 44100.441 Hz will be played back at 0.001 percent wrong speed – unlikely to be noticed by ear, and more likely to be accepted by an audio player.
• 64-bit float is not supported. (Apparently no other lossless audio compressor can support it either.)
• wvunpack can force output to a different format than input, and for AIFF/CAF also select endianness, but it cannot force output to different versions of big-endian AIFF (it will avoid AIFC as long as the signal can be fit in the original AIFF container) nor select between WAVE_FORMAT_PCM and WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE. Few other formats do allow for such output selection; reference FLAC can from 1.4.3 offer some wider choices than wvunpack can.
• wvunpack can force DSDIFF encodes to DSF and vice versa, and it can convert DSD to PCM – but not the other way around, as it has no DSD encoder.
• --import-id3 can not import every type of ID3 tag, and unless --allow-huge-tags is specified, size is limited to 1 MB; larger tagsets might possibly cause compatibility issues, although such are not known. (To copy unsupported tags, use e.g. Mp3tag.)
• Some third-party implementations have limitations and bugs waiting to be fixed.

WavPack version 5 discontinues some features, like compression to Windows .sfx self-extracting file (cf. OptimFROG) and the -p feature. Furthermore, WavPack version 3.x files are no longer supported. To recompress these files (if any are still around, WavPack 4 was released in 2004) to WavPack 5 files (for the fast decoding-free error checking feature), one must first recompress by WavPack 4.80 (still available) or lower, and then by WavPack 5.

As of 5.5.0 and above, MacOS versions must be built with e.g. HomeBrew. For Windows XP, a special executable is required, available at wavpack.com (brought back as of 5.6.0, upgrade from previous unofficial build posted at HA is advised).

WavPack has traditionally had less hardware support than FLAC (Rockbox having been the most notable platform, others listed at https://www.wavpack.com/index.html#Hardware ), but with WavPack playback through Android and iOS players, the distinction between "hardware" and "software" is arguably blurred. There have been issues getting certain Android solutions to recognize media files including WavPack. Third-party support for hybrid-encoded lossless playback (the correction files, see below) is known to be limited.

Features in beta

As of October 2023, the 5.6.6 beta posted in the Hydrogenaudio forums offers new features not (yet) in an official release:

• A new option --threads for multi-threading. Encoding using --threads makes for fully compatible files at a slightly worse compression level on some material; user might consider to apply a higher -x.
• A special --optimize-32bit option to improve compression for 32-bit integer PCM which originate from 32-bit float PCM (and in some cases vice versa). WavPack files produced this way will need the 5.6.6 version to wvunpack losslessly. A beta of a CoolEdit plugin that can read such files is also available.

Using WavPack

WavPack files can be played back in supported players (see below), and several of these can encode to WavPack, invoking the official tools. However, there are situations where certain WavPack features are accessible only through the WavPack executables directly. For example, you cannot expect non-audio data (for full file restore) to be preserved when encoding/decoding through players, as they usually pass on only the audio. Also, the input format might exceed the player's internal decoding; e.g. trying to convert 32-bit integer or DSD with foobar2000 will yield a warning that it will not be lossless (also, converting DSD to PCM leads to files many times the size, being inherently different formats).

Unlike most other codecs, WavPack has separate encoding and decoding executables (wavpack and wvunpack).

Encoding/decoding by drag and drop (Windows)

The simplest encoding/decoding might be dragging and dropping a (supported) file to wavpack.exe (/wvunpack.exe). Then the file will be encoded/decoded with the default options. Dropping a .wv file onto wavpack.exe will recompress it, prompting before overwrite (again, using default settings – possibly a bad deal if it was encoded with high -x switches). Drag and drop also works on a shortcut to the executable. It is not possible to drop a folder, but from version 5.5.0, there is a way to drag and drop several files.

From version 5.5.0, drag and drop supports options by renaming the executable. The user can rename a copy of the executable according to preferred settings, which will be applied to the process upon drag and drop. The example given by the developer in in this HA forum post uses encoding options that many WavPack users will recommend (better compression than default, verification and MD5 fingerprinting), and novice users can choose to copy that filename for the executable. For fine-tuning performance or for more specialized tasks, more options are described below.

Basic command line encoding/decoding (for Windows: command-line hints here)

The basic encoding usage is wavpack filename (which creates filename.wv) – this is what drag and drop accomplishes. Wildcards are supported, e.g. wavpack *.wav (but not simply wavpack *). For a single input file, one can specify output like e.g. wavpack infilename.wav -o outfilename.wv (on Windows, the -o can be omitted). Input file extension ".wav" can be dropped, and output ".wv" extension as well – but wavpack foo will only find foo.wav, not e.g. foo.w64 – and not a "foo" with no file extension. (Power users may take note that for --raw-pcm input, the encoder will not look for foo.wav but rather for foo.raw.)

The basic decoding usage – as will be accomplished by drag and drop – is wvunpack -o filename.wv where again the -o can be dropped on Windows. By default, wvunpack will restore the exact same file (metadata and file structure and all; it will know the original file name extension but not the rest of the file name – timestamp can be stored by using -t.) If only audio was encoded (conversion from a player would usually work this way), output defaults to filename.wav. Just like for the wavpack encoder, file extensions can be dropped; e.g., wvunpack foo -o bar will decode foo.wv to bar.<original file's extension>. This is arguably advisable, as setting a full filename is not going to override format, only make a potentially misleading output extension: E.g. if the input was a CAF file, wvunpack foo -o bar.w64 is still a CAF file. To force output format, see the #Decoding options paragraph.

Several input files

Wildcards are supported, like wavpack *.wav. To give several filenames as input to wavpack/wvunpack, there are slight differences between the Windows version and the *n*xes: Windows (requires WavPack 5.5.0): use the --drop option as in the above example given by the developer. It is intended for drag and drop (hence the name of the option) and will write the output to same directory as source. However it can also be used with command-line: wavpack --drop firstfile secondfile will compress firstfile.wav to firstfile.wv and secondfile.wav to secondfile.wv. Note that without the --drop, the command wavpack firstfile secondfile will compress firstfile.wav to secondfile.wv, as -o is optional on Windows – indeed that is why the --drop had to be introduced. An arbitrary number of files can be processed, e.g. wvunpack --drop firstfile secondfile thirdfile fourthfile fifthfile will decode firstfile.wv, ..., fifthfile.wv. For *n*x, one can omit the --drop.

Applying options

For tuning performance or other settings, one might want to apply command-line options. Some external applications can apply options without the user having to type – e.g. encoding with foobar2000, there are two compression sliders, one for the fast-to-extra-high and one for the -x settings (see below) – but in the Windows GUI one will want to type them in. Options can be concatenated for short, like for example writing -hh -x2 -m -v -y as -hhx2mvy.

The user should beware that the wavpack encoder and the wvunpack decoder (and wvtag/wvgain) have to "re-use letters". While some do the same in the wvunpack and wavpack (like -d for delete input file, -y for "yes to all", -t to preserve timestamp, and -l for (Windows only) "run with low priority") and others cover the same purpose in both executables (like -m and -v), the user may be warned that certain letters do not. E.g. -b, -c, -n cover completely urelated functions upon decoding vs upon encoding.

Encoding options (lossless)

Encoding using -hxm seems a sensible trade-off between compression and CPU load. The manual (online, or included as wavpack_doc.html in the distribution) gives an exhaustive reference, and the following is merely a selection.

• Compression. WavPack has four compression modes that affect compression as well as encoding and decoding time: fast (-f), default, high (-h) and very high (-hh). The CPU load of -hh is measured to around twice that of -f (and could in the early 2000s be too heavy for portable players, although it does decode faster than any Monkey's). On top these modes, the optional extra processing -x1 to -x6 settings will apply extra compression effort that does not increase decoding CPU load. -x without number is synonymous to -x1, which is often recommended (in all modes, fast/normal/high/extra high). The official manual calls -x4 to -x6 "extremely slow", but the size gains might be significant for high resolution audio in particular (van Beurden's revision 5, testing -x4).
  • 5.5.0 introduces optional switches for the default compression: -g for normal mode and -x0 for "no -x". These are redundant for basic use, but can be used to switch off options already given (e.g. in renamed executables, or custom builds): -x6 -x0 will switch off the extra processing, and -h -f -g will encode as normal, whereas previous versions would abort with an error.
  • With DSD files, there are only two compression settings, normal and high; the option -f will select normal, -h/-hh will both select high, and the -x switches are silently ignored.
• Guarding against errors upon encoding: The "-m" switch will compute an audio MD5 sum (like FLAC does by default) and store it for later verification. The "-v" switch will verify by decoding the file after encoding and writing the file to disk. -vm will do both – that is, calculate the MD5s to verify, and store it. (Using the corresponding switches in wvunpack will check without producing output file, however wvunpack also has a faster corruption check for WavPack 5-encoded files: -vv)
• --import-id3 will import ID3v2.3 tags (currently not v2.4 nor v2.2) present in the source file – typically in Sony DSF files – and convert them to WavPack's preferred APE tags. (It will still keep the chunk for restoring the original file.) By default, importing is limited to 1 MB; for more, use --allow-huge-tags. Same option works in wvtag; indeed, one can encode first and then afterwards "import" the tags from the WavPack file using wvtag --import-id3 wavpackfile.wv; this provided that these data have not been deleted by the following -r option:
• -r: remove non-audio chunks. By default, WavPack will store these in the .wv file for later bit-by-bit restoration of everything, not only the audio. Use -r to throw them away and encode audio only – like encoding through most players appear to do.
• -t: copy input file's time stamp. (To restore the file with the original time stamp, use -t both when encoding and when decoding.)
• --pause: (Windows only!) waits for keypress at the end. Useful for reading output before exit when calling wavpack/wvunpack in a separate window (which both drag-and-drop the Windows front-end do).
• -y: "yes" to everything. Use with caution, will overwrite. From 5.5.0 there is also a --no-overwrite that will skip instead of asking to overwrite.
• -d: delete source file upon successful completion. Again, use with caution.
• -l will force WavPack to run at low priority (Windows only)
• -c with -b to select lossy quality: hybrid lossless/lossy use, see below.

WavPack can recompress .wv files in place (using a temporary file until done). For example, wavpack -hx4mvy wavpackfile.wv will compress wavpackfile.wv in high mode using -x4 extra processing, writing everything (and an audio MD5 checksum) to a temporary file; then open the temp file and re-read for verification – and once verified, replace the old wavpackfile.wv. Tags will be transferred. wavpack -hx4rlmvy wavpackfile.wv will also run with low priority (assuming the Windows platform), and will discard non-audio chunks – that is, the ones used to restore the original file's metadata; the .wv file's APE tags will still be copied. As an example, one can compress an ID3v2.4-tagged DSF file by drag and drop; WavPack will then store the tag chunk, but WavPack cannot import v2.4 to its own (APEv2) tags. Therefore, open both in Mp3tag, and copy the ID3v2.4 tags to the WavPack file. If then you decide that there is no need to restore the original file's ID3v2.4 upon any unpacking, you can apply the wavpack -hx4rlmvy wavpackfile.wv command; it will then discard that chunk (but keep the tags that Mp3tag wrote!), recompress using high (silently ignoring the -x4 that has no effect on DSD) with low priority, write an MD5 sum, verify the process and replace the .wv file by the new recompressed file.

(Incomplete:) hybrid lossless & lossy encoding

(Needs to be expanded. Notes: DSD can currently not be hybrid-encoded and floating-point files should not be. The correction file will be omitted by a lot of applications/players, including VLC, mplayer and ffmpeg; thus, using ffmpeg or ffmpeg-based players to convert/play hybrid-encoded WavPack will be lossy. For WavPack in Matroska, there doesn't seem to be any player that will play both the lossy stream and the correction stream, although mkvmerge/mkvextract will import/extract both streams. foobar2000 can play hybrid lossless .wv+.wvc, but will omit a Matroska-encapsulated correction stream.)

Basic use: the -b switch – and for losslessness, with -c to create a correction file. The b takes a numerical value signifying bits per sample if < 24 and kbit/second if 24 to 9600. E.g. -b12.5 (no space in between, with . even if your locale uses comma for decimal point). wavpack -b234.56 -c filename will create filename.wv file and correction file filename.wvc. As long as both are present, playback and decoding (by wvunpack filename the ordinary way) will be lossless. The file filename.wv – which is at most 234.56 kbit/s – can be copied to a different location and played back stand-alone as a lossy compressed file. The same will happen if the .wvc file is deleted or not found (it has to be same path/filename except with the ".wvc" suffix in place of ".wv") – or equivalently, if the -c is omitted during encoding, then no correction file will be created in the first place. For example: wavpack -b13.5 -hx filename will create a lossy filename.wv compressed with the -hx option, size constrained to 13.5 bits per sample. (Should 13.5 bits be sufficient for lossless encoding, WavPack will tell you at the end of the encoding process – but that information is not stored in the file.)

WavPack will refuse to recompress lossy-generated .wv to "lossless .wv" as that would make a false pretense of being a lossless file. (That goes even in the "that information is not stored in the file" case just mentioned.) If recompressing a hybrid with correction file, the .wvc file will remain even if it isn't overwritten. (-d deletes original file.)

Decoding options

In addition to the basic usage above (drag and drop or wvunpack filename.wv), the wvunpack executable offers several options. For use with the Windows front-end or drag and drop, the Windows-only --pause (waits for keypress at the end, like for wavpack.exe) is essential to read the output report. Also Windows-only options like --drop and -l work as for wavpack.exe, and so do -d (use with caution!) and -y (ditto!) as well as -t.

• Output filename can be set with wvunpack infilename.wv -o outfilename (the -o being superfluous on Windows, where – in the absence of --drop – the second filename will be assumed to be output name). Then wvunpack will affix the file extension of the original file (say, outfilename.wav if the wavpacked file was somefilename.wav). The wavpack encoder detects the file type from content, and so wvunpack will not "fix misleading extensions" automatically; the user can provide a giving full output filename with extension, but note that this will override the name only but not the type. To make sure that -o out.aif indeed produces an AIFF, separate switches have to be employed.
• To force output file format, one needs to apply options to wvunpack. The following are for PCM output: --raw-pcm, --wav, --w64, --caf-be, --caf-le, and from version 5.6.0 on also --aif and --aif-le.
  • These will delete non-audio chunks and replace them with a fresh file header: there is no option to "unpack to WAVE and restore the original headers if the original file was WAVE". wvunpack --wav will select RF64 if (and only if) exceeding WAVE's 4 GB limit, and wvunpack will select old AIFF over AIFF-C if the audio data permit it.
  • For DSD, those format switches will also force a – necessarily lossy – conversion to PCM. To switch losslessly between DSD formats, there are also --dsf and --dff (the latter being synonymous to --dsdiff) which again delete non-audio chunks. Note that WavPack cannot force any (also necessarily lossy) conversion to DSD, having no DSD encoder.
  • --raw outputs both PCM and DSD as headerless streams (lossless for both; -r is synonymous; beware that this is not precisely the same as the same letter switch upon encoding).

In addition to decimating DSD for conversion to PCM, there are other options where power users can utilize certain lossy operations by wvunpack, e.g. normalizing floating-point files (recommended before conversion to integer), dropping correction files from hybrid encodes – and --skip and/or --until to decode only a segment of the file. See the documentation.
Other options include -b to "blindly" decode until end disregarding errors and corruption (potentially useful to save as much as possible from a destroyed file).

wvunpack is also the utility to display information from .wv files even when it does not involve decoding, see the next section. Inter alia, -s can be used to find the input file type in case the output extension is misleading (like a .wav extension disguising an AIFF file).

Other file handling: verification / error checking, and other file info (incomplete)

wvunpack can get information about WavPack files without decoding to file:

• -vv: Quick verify without decoding (WavPack 5 files only; from 5.5.0 there is also a more verbose -vvv). Quick verify seems to be unavailable outside the official wvunpack; other applications which verify will fall back to the next item, -v.
• -v: Verify (will do a decode to check that everything is OK – but not write any file).
• -s/-ss: -s displays summary of the file, -ss a long summary including tags. Also there is -f for parseable output, see documentation.
• -n is the generic "do not decode" for use e.g. to extract tags (which can also be accomplished with the wvtag utility, but wvunpack will do if one does not want to write tags):
• -x FIELD: Shows tag, e.g. -x comment shows the <comment> field. -c is synonymous to -x cuesheet. Also wvtag -x resp. wvtag -c do the same thing. -xx (same option for wvtag) can output to file, see documentation.

(To fill in:) Tagging (wvtag) and replaygain management (wvgain)

(... most of these options are available in HA's fave taggers/player? Except wvtag --import-id3 wavpackfile.wv which reads and "imports" ID3 tag stored in wavpackfile.wv's non-audio chunks; this will overwrite existing APEv2. Can also be used with --allow-huge-tags)

Using WavPack with 3rd party tools (FFmpeg & more)

Some applications may behave slightly surprising. FFmpeg has its own WavPack implementation and has a few known peculiarities, some which are expected to be fixed and others of unknown status. As referenced above Android users may need to use the player application's folder to get WavPack files recognized. The tl;dr are that as long as it plays, it plays – but to safeguard against loss of information (e.g. upon conversion), use the official tools. In particular, hybrid lossless correction files are usually not honoured by 3rd party tools. (A player that does, foobar2000, uses the official WavPack libraries.)

Splitting WavPack files by cuesheet

WavPack is a format with good support for storing an album as one .wv file with embedded cuesheets, but splitting into tracks by way of cuesheets is not straightforward without external tools. Audio players like foobar2000 which support cue sheets can also split upon conversion. Other external applications that will do this splitting – also with more variations of the cue sheet format(s) supported – include

• CUETools can if it is CDDA (44.1 kHz 16-bit stereo), and can re-encode back to WavPack.
• refalac can decode & split by cuesheets with the appropriate (official) WavPack library DLL file, outputting WAVE or ALAC-in-MP4.

Both refalac, CUETools and foobar2000 use the official WavPack tools to for the decoding(/encoding).

FFmpeg's WavPack implementation: differences and quirks

FFmpeg can encode/decode to/from WavPack – which may be seen as attractive from how it also can transfer metadata in one go – but with some limitations and maybe unfamiliar behaviour. Compression settings are different: the default is fast but not particularly good compression – while on the other end, FFmpeg offers even slower modes than -hhx6.

Bugs, unfixed as of FFmpeg version 6.0, may cause audio corruption:

• Encoding, multi-channel only: Above 16 channels, when the WavPack 5 format is required, FFmpeg will still attempt encoding to WavPack but will produce unreadable files.
• Encoding, 8-bit PCM only: FFmpeg will produce broken files with static noise. Allegedly a fix has been submitted, but not been released.
• Decoding, any format but rare: A bug FFmpeg's WavPack decoder, discovered in August 2022, will cause dropouts in certain files. The bug is "rare" in that no such file was discovered in several years. Allegedly a fix has been coded, but not been released.

Users might beware that players and converters that employ FFmpeg as a decoding engine may or may not update that quickly even when FFmpeg itself is updated with fixes.

Further limitations in FFmpeg's implementation:

• As a general rule – not specific to decoding .wv – FFmpeg will does not honour the input bit depth: it will default to 16 bits when outputting WAVE/AIFF, whether or not the input file is 16 bits. This default behaviour is not lossless when input bit depth is > 16 bits, and could even induce clipping (with no warning!) if the source is a 32-bit float. To force lossless decoding of 24-bit/32-bit files (WavPack/FLAC/ALAC/TAK/uncompressed) to WAVE/AIFF, the user must extract the bit depth information and specify the respective 24-bit/32-bit output format using ffmpeg's command-line syntax.
  The tl;dr for users who do not have this at their fingertips, is to use other (= official!) decoders when losslessness is desired.
• Correction files ignored, leading to lossy playback/conversion of hybrid-encoded WavPack files with when ffmpeg or ffmpeg-based players are used.
• Loss of information that is not directly audio-related: FFmpeg has no ambition of preserving file structure and (R)IFF chunks, so you will not get the non-audio chunks of the files back when using ffmpeg to encode – however it will by default transfer metadata it supports.
• FFmpeg will sometimes – depending on input format – output 32-bit WavPack files and lose the information that the source was indeed only 24. Not all players support 32-bit files, and verifying that the operation (or an attempted downconversion to 24) was lossless is not straightforward as even fewer applications are willing to compare a 32-bit and a 24-bit file for differences.
  Also for files with bit depth not being 8/16/24/32 is lost; WAVE/AIFF/CAF can handle "17 bit" files by storing 24 and employing a flag to disregard the 7 LSBs, and ffmpeg will lose this flag even when encoding to / decoding from codecs which support it, WavPack and FLAC.
• FFmpeg can decode WavPack 5 files, but will only write WavPack 4 files (hence no fast verification).

Software support (& hardware)

With Android support and playback through ffmpeg, it might no longer be feasible to maintain a list of applications that can play WavPack files, and the following is most certainly incomplete – as is the list at https://www.wavpack.com/#Software . Also, the distinction between "hardware" and "software" support is not clear in the age of smart devices running Android, and the list at https://www.wavpack.com/#Hardware does not cover those.

Players

• foobar2000 advanced freeware audio player plays/decodes WavPack out of the box on both Windows, MacOS, Android and iOS (Windows: supports encoding if wavpack.exe is installed, and redistributes the official wavpack.exe through its "Free encoder pack" addon for encoding. With ReplayGain & cuesheets support.) Also Boom from the same author.
• VLC multiplatform media player
• VUPlayer (official plugin, supports encoding)
• NullSoft Winamp (plugin with ReplayGain & Media Library support) and Winamp-compatible players
• Windows Media Player and other directshow-based players (MPC, TCMP, RadLight) (with CoreWavPack directshow filter)
• Cog Audio player for MacOS X.
• JRiver Media Center
• XMMS (with Kuniklo's plugin)
• LAMIP (official plugin)
• MPXplay for DOS!
• Aqualung for GNU/Linux
• Cowon JetAudio Player and CD ripper
• XMPlay Plugin required (WavPack input plugin) and (bass library) to play 'wv' files

Converters, CD rippers etc.

Several of the players, like Cowon JetAudio, foobar2000 and VUplayer, also have converters that can create WavPack files. More:

• Custom Windows WavPack frontend (by Speekenbrink)
• dBpowerAMP Music Converter CD ripper/writer / Audio Player / (official addon)
• fre:ac multi-platform CD ripper/converter
• Exact Audio Copy CD Ripper (guide at this wiki)
• Nero
• CDex CD ripper
• Ease Audio Converter (Discontinued; shareware / NOT Freeware)
• Media.io Online Audio Converter
• Konvertor
• CUETools converter and AccurateRip/CTDB checker
• refalac (user must copy the wavpackdll.dll file to the appropriate directory)

Taggers and audio info utilities

• Mp3tag Universal Tag Editor
• MusicBrainz Picard Tagger with audio identification
• The GodFather Tagger / Music manager
• Case's Tag command line tagger
• MediaInfo
• Mr. QuestionMan

Audio editors and other tools

• Audacity has WavPack support (using official libraries) from version 3.2.0 (2022).
• Adobe Audition and Cool Edit (filter with 32-bit floats & extra info save support)
• SoX can read and write WavPack files. (Write: limited to -hh compression, not file format version 5.)
• mkvtoolnix – tool to multiplex streams in Matroska container files.

It's worth mentioning the Matroska guys decided to concentrate on WavPack as the lossless compressor of choice for their container. Quite an honor... :-)

• PKWare's .zip format compresses audio by WavPack since version 6.3.2 (2007). Beware that there is no expectation that other decompression software handles these zip files; even if PKWare co-designed the format and PKZip was the original .zip implementation, their subsequent compression methods are outside the ISO/IEC standardized zip format specification.

Links

• Official website
• Github repository
• Unofficial compiles at RareWares. As of 2023: 5.50 for Windows and 4.32 multiplatform
• WavPack at Wikipedia
• WavPack at Multimediawiki (not updated with version 5)
• HA Wiki's Lossless Codec Comparison originally by Rjamorim
• An older (2005) performance comparison of lossless audio compressors (archived on October 27, 2015) by Speek, using WavPack version 4.0