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| '''Replay Gain''' is the name of a technique invented to achieve the same playback volume of audio files. It specifies the reference level of 89dB and an algorithm to measure the '''perceived''' loudness of audio data.
| | #REDIRECT [[ReplayGain]] |
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| Replay Gain is different from [[Normalization|peak normalization]]. In peak normalization, you merely ensure that the peak amplitude reaches a certain level. This does not ensure equal loudness. The Replay Gain technique measures the ''effective power'' (i.e. taking RMS after an ''Equal Loudness contour'') of the waveform, and amplifies the waveform accordingly. The result is that Replay Gained waveforms are usually more uniformly amplified then peak-normalized waveforms.
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| == Implementations ==
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| There are different Replay Gain implementations, each with its own uses and strength. Most of them use [[metadata]] to indicate the level of the volume change (Volume is adjusted on playback; needs player/decoder support) others modify the audio data itself. Generally it is recommended to use an implementation which uses the metadata and does not touch the audio itself.
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| In a metadata based solution, information on both types of Replay Gain can be stored, and the desired playback effect can be switched back and forth in the appropriate player. However, if the audio data is permanently modified, only one type of Replay Gain can be chosen. Furthermore, if the audio data is modified, you may not be able to restore the original data, especially if the Replay Gain technique produces a negative amplification.
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| Replay Gain has significant advantages over normalizing. It allows the loudness of a song to be consistant over an entire collection of audio, similar to (but more accurate than) RMS normalizing (this is called 'Track Gain', or 'Radio Gain' in earlier parlance). However, it also allows the loudness of an album to be consistant over a entire music collection, allowing the dynamics of album to remain (This is called 'Album Gain', or 'Audiophile Gain' in earlier parlance). This is usually very important in classical CDs, as there may be quiet segments and loud segments written into different tracks.
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| === MP3Gain ===
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| [[MP3Gain]] is an implementation of Replay Gain. It either modifies target data reversibly, or attaches metadata.
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| * Format: [[MP3]]
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| * Method: Audio / Meta
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| * Limitations: Limited to 1.5dB steps mode, may become irreversible
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| * http://mp3gain.sourceforge.net/
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| === [[LAME]] ===
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| * Method: Header ([http://gabriel.mp3-tech.org/mp3infotag.html mp3infotag])
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| * Notes:
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| ** Tags added during encoding; not supported by any player yet; Track Gain only
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| ** Replay Gaining MP3's are usually done using MP3Gain (see [[Replay Gain#MP3Gain|above]]) or [[Replay Gain#foobar2000 Replay Gain scanner|foobar2000]]
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| * http://lame.sourceforge.net/
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| === [[Musepack]] Replay Gain ===
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| * Method: Header (similar to Meta data method)
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| * Notes: Replay Gain values are stored in the header and Replay Gain is part of the Musepack specifications; therefore any Musepack decoder that does not support Replay Gain can be considered broken.
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| * http://www.musepack.net/
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| === VorbisGain ===
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| * Format: (Ogg) [[Vorbis]]
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| * Method: Meta (in [[Vorbis comment]])
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| * http://www.sjeng.org/vorbisgain.html
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| ** new compiles of VorbisGain at [http://www.rarewares.org/ogg.html www.rarewares.org]
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| :'''''Note:''' Andavari has provided a very useful script to integrate VorbisGain, which is a CLI tool, into Windows Explorer. Please (Ogg) [[Vorbis#Replay Gain|check this section]].
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| === FLAC / METAFLAC ===
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| * Format: [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]]
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| * Method: Meta (in [[Vorbis comment]])
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| * http://flac.sf.net
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| === WavPack / WVGAIN ===
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| * Format: [[WavPack]]
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| * Method: Meta (in [[APEv2]] tag)
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| * http://www.wavpack.com
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| === Wavegain ===
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| * Format: waveform
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| * Method: Audio
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| * Limitations: Irreversible
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| * http://www.rarewares.org/files/others/wavegain.zip
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| === [[foobar2000]] Replay Gain scanner ===
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| * Format:
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| ** [[MP3]]: Values written to [[ID3v2]] (default) or [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** [[Musepack]]: Values written to header.
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| ** (Ogg) [[Vorbis]]: Values written to [[Vorbis comment]].
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| ** [[WavPack]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** [[AAC]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** [[MP4]]: Uses its own iTunes-compatible tagging system (though iTunes does not support Replay Gain).
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| ** [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]]: Values written to [[Vorbis comment]].
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| ** [[APE]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** Modules ([[MOD]] etc.): Optionally saved into [[APEv2]] tags; otherwise the foobar2000 database is used.
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| * http://foobar2000.org
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| === [[MediaMonkey]] ===
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| * Format:
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| ** [[MP3]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] or [[ID3v2]] tags.
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| ** (Ogg) [[Vorbis]]: Values written to [[Vorbis comment]].
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| ** [[WMA]]: Values stored in MediaMonkey's MDB database.
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| ** [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]]: Values written to [[Vorbis comment]].
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| ** [[APE]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** [[WAV]]: Values stored in MediaMonkey's MDB database.
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| ** [[MPC]]: Internal gain Structure.
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| * In addition to tags, all Replay Gain values are also stored in MediaMonkey's MDB database
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| * Does not support Album/Audiophile Replay Gain (Added to new [[MediaMonkey]] version 3
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| * Also capable of (irreversibly) changing the volume of MP3 tracks, similar to [[MP3Gain]]
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| * http://www.mediamonkey.com
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| === [[Winamp]] Replay Gain scanner===
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| * Format:
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| ** [[MP3]]: Values written to [[ID3v2]] tags.
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| ** (Ogg) [[Vorbis]]: Values written to [[Vorbis comment]].
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| ** [[WMA]]: Values stored in Windows Media Audio tags.
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| ** [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]]: Values written to [[Vorbis comment]].
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| ** [[APE]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** [[AAC]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| ** [[MP4]]
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| ** [[TAK]]: Values written to [[APEv2]] tags.
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| * Support Album/Track Gain
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| == Players support ==
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| Replay Gain being present in the specs of FLAC, Musepack, and APE formats, any player that support those formats usually support Replay Gain.
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| The situation with MP3 is rather different, as it was not part of the MP3 specs. The APEv2 tags metadata implementation is somewhat becoming the de-facto standard.
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| === Windows ===
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| * [[Foobar2000]] supports Replay Gain in all possible aspects.
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| * [[Winamp]] supports Replay Gain in album or track mode.
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| * [[MediaMonkey]] supports track Replay Gain only
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| * [[XMPlay]] recently implemented Replay Gain
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| ''...and probably others.''
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| === Linux ===
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| * [[XMMS]]. Reads Replay Gain from [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]], [[Musepack]], (Ogg) [[Vorbis]] ..
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| :For [[MP3]], use the CVS version of the [http://xmms-mad.sourceforge.net/ xmms-mad] mp3 plugin (it's not yet released as binary, furthermore not available in distribs' versions for now. Meanwhile binaries are available here: [http://perso.crans.org/~krempp/xmms-mad/ custom binaries])
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| * [[amarok]]. By using the amarok-script [http://kde-apps.org/content/show.php?content=26073 Replay Gain]
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| :And possibly others, since [http://developer.kde.org/~wheeler/taglib.html TagLib] added support for [[APEv2]] tags in [[MP3]] files, players using this library (like [[amaroK]] and [[JuK]]) might support that kind of Replay Gain tags in the near future.
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| * [http://www.sacredchao.net/quodlibet Quod Libet] reads Replay Gain from (Ogg) [[Vorbis]], [[MP3]], [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]], and [[Musepack]].
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| :Requires support to be enabled (via the appropriate python bindings and libraries) for the above formats. Does not support Replay Gain values stored in [[APEv2]] tags in [[MP3]]s. Replay Gain values are stored in RVA2 id3v2.4 frames. See the [http://www.sacredchao.net/quodlibet/wiki/Development/ID3Notes Quod Libet RVA2 / Replay Gain notes].
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| * [http://www.musicpd.org/ Music Player Daemon] (MPD) reads Replay Gain from (Ogg) [[Vorbis]], [[Free Lossless Audio Codec|FLAC]], and [[Musepack]].
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| :Foobar2000 style TXXX frames in [[MP3]]s are also supported in the latest development releases.
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| * [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer]. Mplayer support for Replay Gain is codec dependent.
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| :Codecs that are known to support Replay Gain: vorbis
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| :Because of this, you need to prioritize the codecs that support it, or choose it individually on the command line. To add it to the command line, add an -ac [codec] option after each file that you want to choose the codec for, or at the beginning to make it apply to all files listed. To prioritize the codecs by default, list them in a line in mplayer.conf:
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| ac=[codec],[othercodec],vorbis,mad,
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| === Portable devices ===
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| Current development builds of [http://www.rockbox.org/ Rockbox] support Replay Gain for some encoder formats. This is a rapidly evolving feature. Rockbox runs on a variety of portable players, including iRiver H100, H300 and H10 series; iPod 3rd gen, 4th gen (grayscale and color), 5th/5.5th gen video, 1st gen Nano and Mini 1st/2nd gen (Nano 2nd gen is not supported); Cowon iAudio X5 (including X5V and X5L)and M5 (including M5L); Toshiba Gigabeat X and F series (the S model is not supported); and SanDisk: Sansa E200 series (the R models are not supported).
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| There are no other portable players known to support Replay Gain.
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| The iPod features ''Soundcheck'', which seems to produce roughly the same normalization gains as Replay Gain, but doesn't provide an Album Gain.
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| === Hi-Fi ===
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| Slim Devices a company owned by Logitech Inc, supports Replay Gain on both of their hi-end audiophile players, known as the [[Slim Devices Transporter|Transporter]] and the [[Slim Devices Squeezebox|Squeezebox]].
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| == External links ==
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| * [http://replaygain.hydrogenaudio.org Original Replay Gain website]
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| * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Replay_Gain Replay Gain] at Wikipedia
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| * [http://www.bobulous.org.uk/misc/Replay-Gain.html Replay Gain using Foobar 2000] (how-to).
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| [[Category:Technical]]
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| [[Category:Metadata]] | |
